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Pulmonary toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
書名/作者:	Pulmonary toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles.
作者:	Peebles, Brian Christopher.
面頁冊數:	251 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-11, Section: B, page: 6786.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International71-11B.
標題:	Chemistry, Organic.
標題:	Nanotechnology.
ISBN:	9781124258294
摘要、提要註:	Manufactured nanomaterials have become ubiquitous in science, industry, and medicine. Although electron microscopy and surface probe techniques have improved understanding of the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, much less is known about what makes nanomaterials toxic.
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3425333

Pulmonary toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles.
Peebles, Brian Christopher.

Pulmonary toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles. - 251 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-11, Section: B, page: 6786.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2010.

Manufactured nanomaterials have become ubiquitous in science, industry, and medicine. Although electron microscopy and surface probe techniques have improved understanding of the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, much less is known about what makes nanomaterials toxic.

ISBN: 9781124258294Subjects--Topical Terms:

404127
Chemistry, Organic.

Pulmonary toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles.
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245 1 0 $a Pulmonary toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles.
300 $a 251 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-11, Section: B, page: 6786.
500 $a Adviser: Prabir K. Dutta.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2010.
520 $a Manufactured nanomaterials have become ubiquitous in science, industry, and medicine. Although electron microscopy and surface probe techniques have improved understanding of the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, much less is known about what makes nanomaterials toxic.
520 $a Particulate matter less than 2.5 mum in effective aerodynamic diameter is easily inhaled and taken deep into the lungs. The toxicity of inhaled particulate matter is related to its size and surface chemistry; for instance, the smaller the size of particles, the greater their specific surface area. The chemistry and toxicity of insoluble particles depends on their surface area, since chemical reactions may happen with the environment on the surface.
520 $a Oxidation and reduction may occur on the surfaces of particles after they are produced. For instance, it is known that carbonaceous particles from vehicle exhaust and industrial emission may interact with reactive species like ozone in their ambient environment, altering the surface chemistry of the particles. Reaction with species in the environment may cause changes in the chemical functionality of the surface and change the toxic properties of the particles when they are inhaled.
520 $a Furthermore, metals on the surface of inhalable particles can contribute to their toxicity. Much attention has been given to the presence of iron on the surfaces of inhalable particles in the environment. After particle inhalation, particles are endocytosed by alveolar macrophages in the immune response to foreign matter. They are exposed to hydrogen peroxide in the oxidative burst, which can cause the iron-mediated production of hydroxyl free radicals via the Fenton reaction, causing oxidative stress that leads to inflammation and cell death. The toxicity of particles that contain metals depends on the redox activity and bioavailability of the metals, the causes of thich have not yet been adequately explored.
520 $a In this thesis, electron paramagnetic spectroscopy showed that carbon blacks contain free radical and other surface functionality as manufactured, and that exposure to ozone further functionalizes the surface. Samples of carbon black that have been exposed to ozone react with their ambient environment so that acid anhydride and cyclic ether functionality hydrolyze to form carboxylic acid functionality, observable by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
520 $a Persistent free radical content, but not free radical content from ozone exposure, may mediate the toxic response of cells to carbon blacks in vitro. Results showed that macrophages exposed to carbon blacks that had been exposed to ozone were not less viable in vitro than macrophages exposed to carbon blacks as manufactured because the free radical content that resulted from ozone exposure was not persistent in an aqueous medium. Furthermore, concurrent exposure to ozonated carbon blacks and ozone was less lethal to macrophages than carbon black exposure alone, possibly because the ozone oxidatively preconditioned the macrophages to resist oxidative stress.
520 $a The nature of redox-active iron species on the surface of iron-loaded synthetic carbon particles was explored. The particles had been shown in previous studies to provoke an inflammatory response involving the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, which was correlated with their production of hydroxyl free radicals via the Fenton reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the source of bioavailable Fenton-active iron on the surfaces of the particles was fluoride species that were byproducts of a step in the synthetic process. Fluoride ligated the iron already on the surface, forming a complex that resisted precipitation in the biological medium and thus made the iron more bioavailable.
520 $a The results of this thesis aim to clarify whether the size and surface chemistry of nanoparticles should be considered more closely as criteria with which to develop better environmental controls for occupational health. Permissible exposure limits to micrometer-size particulate matter in the workplace are in place, but current limits do not specifically address the role of surface chemistry and the potentially higher toxicity of nanomaterials. The size, agglomeration characteristics, and surface chemistry of carbon nanoparticles are being studied and manipulated to explore the causes of their toxicity. Inflammatory response and cytotoxicity following exposure of human and murine macrophages to nanoparticles are being employed as indicators of the ability of particles to cause respiratory harm. The results are expected to lead to more effective standards for nanomaterial exposure in the workplace and pathways to toxicity mitigation.
590 $a School code: 0168.
650 4 $a Chemistry, Organic. $3 404127
650 4 $a Nanotechnology. $3 192698
690 $a 0490
690 $a 0652
710 2 $a The Ohio State University. $b Chemistry. $3 423566
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 71-11B.
790 1 0 $a Dutta, Prabir K., $e advisor
790 $a 0168
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2010
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3425333